In the traditional color wheel used by painters, violet and purple are both placed between red and blue, with violet being closer to blue. Historically, violet has tended to be used for bluer hues and purple for redder hues. In common usage, both terms are used to refer to a variety of colors between blue and red in hue. In optics, violet is a spectral color: It refers to the color of any different single wavelength of light on the short wavelength end of the visible spectrum (between approximately 380 and 435 nanometers), whereas purple is the color of various combinations of red, blue and violet light, some of which humans perceive as similar to violet. Violet is closely associated with purple. The first recorded use as a color name in English was in 1370. The word violet as a color name derives from the Middle English and Old French violete, in turn from the Latin viola, names of the violet flower. Points near and along the circled edge are purple. The bottom left of the curved edge is violet. The line of purples circled on the CIE chromaticity diagram. One European study suggests violet is the color people most often associate with extravagance, individualism, vanity and ambiguity. In Hinduism and Buddhism purple and/or violet is associated with the Crown Chakra. In Chinese painting, the color violet represents the "unity transcending the duality of Yin and yang" and "the ultimate harmony of the universe". During the Middle Ages, violet was worn by bishops and university professors and was often used in art as the color of the robes of the Virgin Mary. The emperors of Rome wore purple togas, as did the Byzantine emperors. Violet has a long history of association with royalty, originally because Tyrian purple dye was extremely expensive in antiquity. In optics, violet is a spectral color (referring to the color of different single wavelengths of light), whereas purple is the color of various combinations of red and blue (or violet) light, some of which humans perceive as similar to violet. In the CMYK color model used in printing, violet is created with a combination of magenta and cyan pigments, with more magenta than cyan. In the RYB color model historically used by painters, violet is created with a combination of red and blue pigments and is located between blue and purple on the color wheel. In the RGB color model used in computer and television screens, violet is produced by mixing red and blue light, with more blue than red. The color's name is derived from the violet flower. Violet light has a wavelength between approximately 380 and 435 nanometers. It is one of the seven colors that Isaac Newton labeled when dividing the spectrum of visible light in 1672. Violet is the color of light at the short wavelength end of the visible spectrum, between blue and invisible ultraviolet.
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